IAPWS Outputs

IAPWS produces a variety of technical outputs that are freely available from the website. Our main publications are releases and guidelines on the recommended scientific formulations for physical and chemical properties of water in its various forms as well as technical guidance document on the best operating practices or power plant chemistry. 

Steam Tables

• The IAPWS-95 “formulation for general and scientific use” represents the state of knowledge over a wide range of conditions (up to 1,273 K and 1,000 Mpa). It is still the definitive reference for scientific work.
• The separate IAPWS-IF97 “industrial formulation” is fitted to the reference IAPWS-95 formulation to within small tolerances. It trades a small (often negligible) amount of accuracy and consistency to be able to significantly increase calculation speed. Computer code is available from IAPWS.

Releases, Supplementary Releases, Guidelines and Advisory Notes

These are published by IAPWS to support formulations for the thermodynamic properties of water, steam and aqueous solutions:

• Releases provide data from high-quality measurements for formulations of properties.
• Supplementary Releases – supporting material for the above.
• Guidelines – similar to Releases, but based on more limited data.
• Advisory Notes – additional information that could be useful for users of IAPWS information.

Technical Guidance Documents (TGDs)

Power plant water-steam cycle chemistry guidelines in the form of Technical Guidance Documents have been developed by IAPWS to provide truly international guidance for fossil and combined cycle plants and other industrial steam power users. They represent the accumulated experience of members of the IAPWS Power Cycle Chemistry (PCC) Working Group with expertise from across the member countries.

White Papers

The PCC working group also produces White Papers that collate and develop the available technical information on particular subjects of interest to the Association as a preliminary stage before a Technical Guidance Document can be developed. Whilst it is emphasized that White Papers have no formal status within IAPWS, they are valuable reference documents for researchers and plant operators.

IAPWS Certified Research Needs (ICRNs)

The purpose of ICRNs to help identify and promote areas for industrial research. They represent the considered opinion of experts in the field that research on a particular subject is needed. They are often developed as a response to a lack of adequate data on a particular issue related to its fundamental understanding and basis for industrial applications. They consist of a statement of the problem, a statement of the industrial need, a contact person and an expiration date. No funding is available from IAPWS, but the ICRNs may be copied and attached to proposals to funding agencies